Arthur Herman Kilian Fehr was born in 1905 to Herman Benno Fehr and Selma Ottilie Kilian Fehr in Austin, Texas. He was the second of threesons and reared in lower-middle class, ethnic surroundings. His father was a barber and barber supply salesman. Though both parents were native-born Americans the household language was German. The social focus was the extended family of their local Lutheran church.
In his teens Fehr wanted to be a chemist. But a drafting teacher in his vocational school, noting his ability at sketching and cartooning,encouraged him to try architecture, and he enrolled in the University of Texas architecture program. After receiving his degree in 1925, he worked for architect Harvey P. Smith in San Antonio. Smith’s work wasin the Beaux Arts and Spanish Colonial styles, and under him Fehr worked on the first building of Lutheran Concordia College of Texas (now Concordia University). Kilian Hall, named for his own maternal great-grandfather, Jan Kilian, the pastoral leader of a group of Wendish immigrants to Texas in 1855. The building’s design was later cited by the Architects’ Guild of Texas, and for Fehr this was an early taste of peer recognition.
In 1926, on the urging of his university professors, Fehr left Texas for New York and worked as a draftsman for Kenneth M. Murchison, whose better known designs were in the Beaux Arttradition. He also took a short and penny wise tour of England and the Continent during the summer of 1927, from which hereturned (in his own words) “better American and a much better Texan”. While in New York he attended night courses at the Beaux -Arts Institute of Design, Columbia University and New York University. He returned to San Antonio in 1928 to work as chief draftsman and designer for Smith on various projects ranging from the officers club at an Army air base to the restoration of San Antonio’s 18th century Spanish Governor’s Palace. In 1931 the Depression interrupted his progress, but after two years of infrequent work he rejoined Smith in the survey andinitial restoration work on San Antonio’s 18th c. Spanish missionof San José y San Miguel de Aguayo. This led to Fehr, at age 29, being offered the position of park architect for the National Park Service (NPS) in the summer of 1934. He was assigned to the new Bastrop State Park project near Austin, part of the state’s nascent parks system in the era of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).[7] During the years 1934-7 he designed, supervised and participated in the construction of all the structures there as well as at the adjoining Buescher State Park near Smithville. These were in the proscribed “rustic” or “pioneer” style favored by the NPS at that time. In the fall of 1936, towards the end of Fehr’s tenure with the park service, came also his first published foray into “modernism”: a modest picnic table with a space frame of copper and brass plumbing and a concrete slab top. In his 1938 NPS book Good noted that it was “novel rather than revolutionary “but also an example of “some recent experimentation [within the parks service]…loosed from the fetters of tradition to acknowledge the claims of new materials and methods”.
By late 1937 Fehr had completed the bulk of the Bastrop work. Though offered a new position in the NPS as a furniture designer, he resigned in early August of that year and opened his own practice in Austin. This first office was in the back of the studio of the Swiss-born woodcarver Peter Mansbendel, whom Fehr had met in the 1920s through the Austin Saengerrunde, a German singing club.
Fehr’s first commission was the First English Lutheran Church in Austin. The design was entirely in the Mission style with interior carvings by Mansbendel. But Fehr was pulling away from Mission and Rustic architecture towards modernism. In particular he admired Walter Gropius and the Bauhaus. The emphasis on craft, economyof construction, the use of readily available materials and strictly functional design echoed both the austerity of his upbringing and his experience in the early Depression as well as his recent work at Bastrop and his associations with Mansbendel, the ironworker Fortunat Weigl, the cabinetmaker Emil Schroeder and other local craftsmen. And at Bastrop in 1935 he had met a kindred spirit in 22-year old Charles Granger, a fresh University of Texas architecture graduate who briefly worked as his assistant that summer. At the end of 1937 Granger returned from California, where he had been working for Richard Neutra, and hired on with Fehr’s new practice in Austin. Fehr’s search for clients willing to attempt this unprecedented style of work and living resulted in a church and a few Austin houses such as those designed and built for the Dr. & Mrs. D. K. Brace (1938) and for Dr. & Mrs. Carl Fehr (Fehr’s brother, built in 1940), as well as for Dr. & Mrs. Charles Darnall (1941). Another result was the “St. Elmo-Tel”, an exercise in the growing trend of “mo-tels”, in this case fronting on thehighway to San Antonio south of Austin. It appeared in the October 1941 issue of Architectural Record (AR),the first of Fehr’s modern efforts to be published in a national magazine. The editors of AR cited it as “one of the most newsworthy” of architect-designed answers to “the serious need for this new type of accommodation”.It featured large expanses of metal-framed glazing, pipe columns, exposed brickwork inside and out, and flat concrete slab roofs—a Bauhaus outpost on a Central Texas highway serving a uniquely modern American function. It was an early example of what would be the hallmark of Fehr’s work, in partnership with Granger, after WWII:a distinctly spare and “industrial” look, admitting abundant light and ventilation, and treating economy of construction not as a limitation but as merely another design element. And it also featured one “regional” additionto this otherwise European-influenced design: a fireplace, exterior wall and chimney in rough-cut limestone, the ”rustic vernacular” employed by so-called rock-layers in the Austin area since the city’s beginnings a hundred years before.
In 1938 Fehr married Mary Jane Grant of San Antonio, whose father Albert W. Grant was managing editor of the San Antonio Express. With the start of WWII Fehr closed his office. Too old to enlist (he had just turned 37), he served with the Army Service Forces, traveling around the Southwest inspecting military structures and in some cases filling in as an ad hoc interpreter for German prisoners-of-war at various prison camps. Back in Austin in late 1945, Fehr and Granger established a partnership in that name (often shortened to simply “F&G”) committed to “the practice of progressive architecture”. Success soon followed. Residences anda church were published in Architectural Record in 1946 and 1947. By the spring of the following year they had received their first national award—one of eight Mentions out of one hundred entries—in the second annual awards competition of the modernist periodical Progressive Architecture in whose pages they would appear regularly from that time on. Although they designed residences, clinics, and various other commercial and institutional projects, educational and church structures later were the core of their best-known work. F&G made the Texas climate, where “air-conditioning” was yet to be practical or affordable (especially inschool construction) a central consideration. They spread their school buildings out into multiple wings with large aluminum awning windows for light and ventilation . And they used such “cool” structural elementsas pre-stressed concrete beams and interior walls of glazed structural clay tile—novel and inexpensive applications at the time, especially in Texas. The name of the school, stated in Neutra’s iconic aluminum letters floating on a plain brick wall, was typically the only architectural decoration. This economy of expression and cost extended to their other work. And F&G shared with many other early American modernists—architects and industrial designers alike—the ideal of developing a design ethic peculiar to their region, thus producing something American and not merely imitative of Europeans. For Fehr that meant local limestone rockwork inside and out. Floor coverings, walls and exterior sunscreens were fashioned from structural tile fired from the deep red clay of D’Hanis in South Texas. Casement and awning windows were of aluminum. Exterior wall surfaces and even sun shades were often simply gray asbestos-cement panels, either flat or corrugated and impervious to the rigorous Texas climate. The results tended to be too asceticfor some tastes. Fehr’s own residence, built in 1949, was featured six years later in a House Beautiful article introduced as “How to Learn from a house you may not Like” (with photographs by Ezra Stoller).
F&G was a collaborative design practice, and both partners worked with their junior associates on their firm’s designs. Indeed, their own early houses (Granger’s was completed in 1952) offer little to distinguish one hand from the other’s beyond Granger’s preference for brick over Fehr’s rough limestone. But Fehr had been raised in a deep Lutheran tradition, and he took primary interest in F&G’s church designs. Among the better known ofhis work today are two campuses for the Episcopal Diocese of Texas: St. Stephen’s Episcopal School in the hills to the west of Austin (1953) and the Episcopal Theological Seminary of the Southwest (1954) in the city itself. The chapel on each campus is a particularly Fehr design. The first is essentially a stripped-down Mission form, drawn from his pre-modern beginnings. The latter is less formal and more intimate, with floor-to-ceiling stainedglass windows of his own design. It was by his own admission his favorite work. At the height of its success F&G was profiled in a P/A article of August 1958 (part of the magazine’s series on “The Architect and His Community”). The sixteen page article “document[ed] the phenomenal growth” of the firm and described the firm’s history, organization, methods, and design philosophy. A year later Texas Architect, published by the Texas Society of Architects (T.S.A.), expanded on this in its February 1959 issue, outlining the process that led to two P/A awards in 1959. The more significant of these was the “Design Award: Commercial” given for Austin’s new terminal building at Robert Mueller Municipal Airport. From their earliest association before WWII until their deaths in the late 1960s. Fehr and Granger undertook more than 1,000 projects. and carried a staff of as many as twenty people, nearly half of them registered architects. With the death of Granger in an automobile accident in 1966, Fehr’s work load escalated. Less than three years later a respiratory illness led to pneumonia and heart failure, at age 64.—info from © Grant Fehr 2010